Difference between revisions of "MTD2 class 2"

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**Frequency/Period
 
**Frequency/Period
 
**Amplitude
 
**Amplitude
−
**Wavelegth
+
**Wavelength
 
* Basic Sound forge Editing [[Simpsons Project]]
 
* Basic Sound forge Editing [[Simpsons Project]]
−
* Start Simpsons http://interactive.colum.edu/MTD2/assignments/class2/editing1/editing1.html
+
* Start Simpsons http://iam.colum.edu/MTD2/assignments/class2/editing1/editing1.html
  
 
=Properties of Sound=
 
=Properties of Sound=
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* An intervening substance through which something else is transmitted or carried on.
 
* An intervening substance through which something else is transmitted or carried on.
  
−
'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudinal_waves Longitudinal Waves]''' move in the same direction as the wave between 0° and 180° to the direction of the wave.
+
'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudinal_waves Longitudinal Waves]'''  
 +
:move in the same direction as the wave between 0° and 180° to the direction of the wave.
  
 
A sound wave is a longitudinal wave
 
A sound wave is a longitudinal wave
  
−
'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_waves Transverse Waves]''' move at right angles to the direction of the wave.
+
'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_waves Transverse Waves]'''  
 +
:move at right angles to the direction of the wave.
  
 
Water is a transverse wave
 
Water is a transverse wave
  
−
Transverse Wave and Logitudinal Waves   
+
Transverse Wave and Longitudinal Waves   
 
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/waveType/waveType.html<br>
 
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/waveType/waveType.html<br>
  
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The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_sound Speed of sound] is measured in meters per second.The speed of sound is affected by several factors:  temperature, humidity, and elasticity.
 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_sound Speed of sound] is measured in meters per second.The speed of sound is affected by several factors:  temperature, humidity, and elasticity.
  
−
~344 m/s or 1130 f/s
+
SOS ~ 344 m/s or 1130 f/s
  
−
NOTE: for class we will assume the speed of sound in air @ 20 degrees Celsius an 75% humididty is 344m/s
+
NOTE: for class we will assume the speed of sound in air @ 20 degrees Celsius an 75% humidity is 344m/s
  
 
Speed of sound Calculator http://www.measure.demon.co.uk/Acoustics_Software/speed.html
 
Speed of sound Calculator http://www.measure.demon.co.uk/Acoustics_Software/speed.html
−
 
  
 
== Frequency/Period ==
 
== Frequency/Period ==
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It is assumed the humans can hear frequencies from 20Hz to 20,000 Hz.
 
It is assumed the humans can hear frequencies from 20Hz to 20,000 Hz.
  
−
20-20KHz Sweep  http://interactive.colum.edu/sound/media/sweep20-20.wav 41kb,16 bit 3.7megs
+
20-20KHz Sweep   
 +
:http://iam.colum.edu/sound/media/sweep20-20.wav 41kb,16 bit 3.7megs
  
 
==Resonance==
 
==Resonance==
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Wavelength = speed of sound / Frequency in Hz
 
Wavelength = speed of sound / Frequency in Hz
−
 
+
:λ = SOS/f
−
Lambda = C/f
 
  
 
wavelength = speed of sound * period
 
wavelength = speed of sound * period
 +
:λ = SOS*T
  
−
Lambda = CT
 
 
The wavelength of a sound wave varies greatly with the frequency of the wave. A 20 kHz wave has a wavelength of 1.72 (0.7 in)cm while a 20 Hz wave has a wavelength of 17.2 m (~56 ft.).
 
The wavelength of a sound wave varies greatly with the frequency of the wave. A 20 kHz wave has a wavelength of 1.72 (0.7 in)cm while a 20 Hz wave has a wavelength of 17.2 m (~56 ft.).
  
−
Examples http://interactive.colum.edu/MTD2/lectures/week1_examples.htm<br>
+
Examples http://iam.colum.edu/MTD2/lectures/week1_examples.htm<br>
 +
t
 +
 
 +
 
  
 
=Amplitude/Pressure=
 
=Amplitude/Pressure=
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Measured in dB [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibels Decibels]
 
Measured in dB [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibels Decibels]
  
−
The softest sound we as humans can hear is about 20 micropascals (20µPa or 0 dB re 20µPa ) the loudest sound we as humans can tolerate is about 200 Pa(120 dB re20µPa) this is a 10,000,000:1 ratio. This is why Bel labs decided to use a different scale to represent the numbers. They used the deciBel or 1/10 of a Bel.
+
The softest sound we as humans can hear is about 20 micro pascals (20µPa or 0 dB re 20µPa ) the loudest sound we as humans can tolerate is about 200 Pa(120 dB re20µPa) this is a 10,000,000:1 ratio. This is why Bel labs decided to use a different scale to represent the numbers. They used the deciBel or 1/10 of a Bel.
  
 
decibels as a power ratio
 
decibels as a power ratio
−
The Bel was defined as the logarithm of a power ratio and was named after Alexander Graham Bell. The deciBel is 1/10th of a Bal. Since the range of human hearing is so large a logarithmic scale was implemented because the range of human hearing is os large.
+
The Bel was defined as the logarithm of a power ratio and was named after Alexander Graham Bell. The deciBel is 1/10th of a Bel. Since the range of human hearing is so large a logarithmic scale was implemented.
 +
 
 
Sound Pressure and common sound sources
 
Sound Pressure and common sound sources
  
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|Threshold of hearing. Anechoic Chamber
 
|Threshold of hearing. Anechoic Chamber
 
|}
 
|}
−
Ear Illustration
 
−
Hearing Loss Articles
 
  
−
Decibels (a different way of counting)
+
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear Ear Wikipedia]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Decibels===
  
 
Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale.
 
Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale.
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dB SPL/voltage/current
 
dB SPL/voltage/current
  
−
dB = 10 * log (P12 + P22) = dB = 20 * log (P1 + P2)
+
dB = 10 * log (P<sub>1</sub>^2 + P<sub>2</sub>^2) = dB = 20 * log (P<sub>1</sub> + P<sub>2</sub>)
 +
 
  
 
1dB small change in power
 
1dB small change in power
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Here is a good dB adding calculator
 
Here is a good dB adding calculator
  
−
http://www.mcsquared.com/dbframe.htm this site can also do some other neato thangs...
+
http://www.mcsquared.com/dbframe.htm this site can also do some other neat o thangs...
  
 
=Intro To Sound Forge=
 
=Intro To Sound Forge=
 +
 +
Review interface of soundforge and look at
 +
sound forge manual (it's in //iam.local/classfolders/MTD2) or available @ http://www.sonymediasoftware.com/download/step2.asp?DID=565<br>
 +
* chapter 3 - getting started
 +
* chapter 4 - navigation zooming and selecting
 +
 
=Basic Sound forge Editing=
 
=Basic Sound forge Editing=
 
Simpsons Project
 
Simpsons Project
−
http://interactive.colum.edu/MTD2/assignments/class2/editing1/editing1.html
 
  
 
[[Simple Editing Tutorial for Simpsons Project]]
 
[[Simple Editing Tutorial for Simpsons Project]]

Latest revision as of 02:36, 31 May 2007


Week Two

In Class

Properties of Sound

  • Sound Is a Longitudinal wave
  • Speed of sound (measured in m/s)
  • Frequency (measured in Hz)
  • Period (measured in seconds per cycle)
  • Wavelength (measured in meters)
  • Amplitude/Pressure (for this class we will only look at dBs)
  • Phase (measured in degrees)


Wave

Sound Is a Wave (it needs a medium) Transverse vs. Longitudinal Waves medium http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=medium

  • An intervening substance through which something else is transmitted or carried on.

Longitudinal Waves

move in the same direction as the wave between 0° and 180° to the direction of the wave.

A sound wave is a longitudinal wave

Transverse Waves

move at right angles to the direction of the wave.

Water is a transverse wave

Transverse Wave and Longitudinal Waves http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/waveType/waveType.html


Neither the molecules in the air or those in water actually move along with the wave. Air and water are simply a medium for the wave to pass through.

Speed of Sound

The Speed of sound is measured in meters per second.The speed of sound is affected by several factors: temperature, humidity, and elasticity.

SOS ~ 344 m/s or 1130 f/s

NOTE: for class we will assume the speed of sound in air @ 20 degrees Celsius an 75% humidity is 344m/s

Speed of sound Calculator http://www.measure.demon.co.uk/Acoustics_Software/speed.html

Frequency/Period

Sound is a periodic event. This means that there is a fixed amount of time between different events.The Frequency component of a sound wave affects the pitch of the sound.

Frequency is measured in Hertz (cycles per second)

Period = 1 / Frequency in HzT = 1/f

Frequency = 1/ Period f = 1/T

Different types of frequency components periodic/ aperiodic

It is assumed the humans can hear frequencies from 20Hz to 20,000 Hz.

20-20KHz Sweep

http://iam.colum.edu/sound/media/sweep20-20.wav 41kb,16 bit 3.7megs

Resonance

Resonance

Tacoma Narrows Bridge
MTD2newtacoma.jpg
Movie1 http://interactive.colum.edu/sound/media/tacoma3.avi
Movie2 http://interactive.colum.edu/sound/media/tacoma4.avi

Wavelength

Wavelength is measured in distance (ft. of m)

The actual physical length of a single cycle of a wave

Wavelength = speed of sound / Frequency in Hz

λ = SOS/f

wavelength = speed of sound * period

λ = SOS*T

The wavelength of a sound wave varies greatly with the frequency of the wave. A 20 kHz wave has a wavelength of 1.72 (0.7 in)cm while a 20 Hz wave has a wavelength of 17.2 m (~56 ft.).

Examples http://iam.colum.edu/MTD2/lectures/week1_examples.htm
t


Amplitude/Pressure

Measured in dB Decibels

The softest sound we as humans can hear is about 20 micro pascals (20µPa or 0 dB re 20µPa ) the loudest sound we as humans can tolerate is about 200 Pa(120 dB re20µPa) this is a 10,000,000:1 ratio. This is why Bel labs decided to use a different scale to represent the numbers. They used the deciBel or 1/10 of a Bel.

decibels as a power ratio The Bel was defined as the logarithm of a power ratio and was named after Alexander Graham Bell. The deciBel is 1/10th of a Bel. Since the range of human hearing is so large a logarithmic scale was implemented.

Sound Pressure and common sound sources

140 dB SPL .45 APC Colt pistol (25 ft.)
130 dB SPL 50 HP Siren (100 ft.)
120 dB SPL Threshold of pain
110 dB SPL Typical rock concert
90-100 dB SPL Platform of subway station as train arrives. Loud classical music
80 dB SPL Person Shouting
60 dB SPL Average conversation (5 ft)
40 - 50 dB SPL Average suburban home at night
30 dB SPL Very quiet whisper
20 dB SPL Extremely quiet Recording Studio
0 dB SPL Threshold of hearing. Anechoic Chamber

Ear Wikipedia


Decibels

Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale.

dB SPL/voltage/current

dB = 10 * log (P1^2 + P2^2) = dB = 20 * log (P1 + P2)


1dB small change in power

6dB doubling of power

20 dB roughly twice as loud ten times the voltage

Voltage, current or SPL dB
1 0.00
1.5 3.52
2 6.02
2.5 7.96
3 9.54
4 12.04
5 13.98
6 15.56
7 16.90
9 18.06
10 19.08
20 20
30 29.54
40 32.04
50 33.98
100 40
1000 60
5000 73.97
10000 80

here are some other good explanations

http://ews64.com/mcdecibels.html

Here is a good dB adding calculator

http://www.mcsquared.com/dbframe.htm this site can also do some other neat o thangs...

Intro To Sound Forge

Review interface of soundforge and look at sound forge manual (it's in //iam.local/classfolders/MTD2) or available @ http://www.sonymediasoftware.com/download/step2.asp?DID=565

  • chapter 3 - getting started
  • chapter 4 - navigation zooming and selecting

Basic Sound forge Editing

Simpsons Project

Simple Editing Tutorial for Simpsons Project

HomeWork

Finish Simpsons Project
Read Sound Design for Interactive Multimedia chapter 1 pg 3 - 31


MTD2 class 1

MTD2 class 3

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