Difference between revisions of "Sound for Interaction class 6"

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[http://home1.pacific.net.sg/%7Efirehzrd/audio/wires.html Bluffers guide to WIRES AND CONNECTORS]
 
[http://home1.pacific.net.sg/%7Efirehzrd/audio/wires.html Bluffers guide to WIRES AND CONNECTORS]
  
==Transducers==
+
[[Template:Microphones]]
 
 
Transducer = a device that converts one type of energy to another. A microphone converts acoustic energy to electrical energy. A speaker converts electrical energy to acoustical energy. They are both transducers.
 
 
 
===Microphones===
 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condenser_microphone Microphones]
 
 
 
good reading [http://www.audio-technica.com/cms/site/9904525cd25e0d8d/index.html Audio Technica Guide to Microphones]
 
 
 
Types of microphones
 
# Dynamic
 
# Condenser
 
# Ribbon
 
# piezo electric (contact Mic)
 
 
 
other (Stereo, binaural, PZM- pressure zone microphone http://www.crownaudio.com/mics.htm)
 
 
 
'''Ribbon Mic'''
 
:The first type of mic was a Ribbn Microphone. Basically a light wieght ribbon that conducts electricity the is suspened in between two magnets. Older ribbon mics usally have a reduced frequency response.
 
 
 
http://www.coutant.org/ribbons.html
 
 
 
'''Dynamic Mics'''
 
:A light weight diaphragm is connected to a coil that is suspended between a magnet.
 
[[Image:404px-SM57&Beta57.JPG|100px]]
 
 
 
'''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condenser_microphone#Capacitor_or_Condenser_microphones Condenser Microphone]'''
 
:A very light weight diaphragm is suspended in front of an electrically charged back plate. The two plates basically act as an open air capacitor. As the air pressure changed the distance between the plated the capacitance between the plates also changes.
 
Condenser microphones need [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom_power Phantom Power] to work.
 
 
 
[[Image:399px-Microphone U87.jpg|100px]]
 
 
 
Our stereo mic:  Audio Technica AT825
 
[http://www.audio-technica.com/cms/wired_mics/f43693e797dfbe09/index.html]
 
 
 
===Microphone Comparison===
 
 
 
{| align="center" border="1"
 
|Parameter
 
|Dynamic
 
|Condenser
 
|Ribbon
 
|-
 
|Frequency Response
 
|Good
 
|Best
 
|Worst
 
|-
 
|Dynamic Range
 
|Good
 
|Good
 
|Worst
 
|-
 
|Durability
 
|Best
 
|Good
 
|Worst
 
|}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
==Proximity Effect==
 
 
 
The frequency response of a directional microphone changes as it it brought close to a source. The bass response increases.
 
 
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximity_Effect#In_audio
 
 
 
http://www.csun.edu/~record/prox/prox.html
 
 
 
==Polar Patterns==
 
 
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphones#Microphone_polar_patterns
 
 
 
*Omni-directional - all directions
 
[[Image:600px-Polar pattern omnidirectional.png|100px|thumb|omnidirectional]]
 
 
 
*Bi-directional (figure 8)- front and back rejects on the side
 
 
 
[[Image:600px-Polar pattern figure eight.png|100px|thumb|Bi-directional (figure 8)]]
 
 
 
*Uni-directional - one direction
 
 
 
*Cardioid - one direction with lobe
 
 
 
[[Image:600px-Polar pattern cardioid.png|100px|thumb|Cardioid]]
 
 
 
*Hypercardiod - really one direction with lobe
 
 
 
[[Image:600px-Polar pattern hypercardioid.png|100px|thumb|hyper cardioid]]
 
 
 
http://www.mikelights.com/micpolar.htmlALC Microphone Directionality  Some pictures
 
 
 
http://www.csun.edu/~record/polar.html  Some more Pictures
 
 
 
Stereo Mic Techniques
 
 
 
Spaced Omni's - two spaces Omni mics
 
 
 
XY - Coincident cardioids at 90 degrees
 
 
 
ORTF (Office de Radiodiffusion -- Television Francaise)110 degrees 17cm apart - Near Coincident Pair
 
About.com Microphones Part 1
 
 
 
Dat Heads mic-FAQ.txt
 
  
 
==Audio Levels==
 
==Audio Levels==

Revision as of 04:16, 16 July 2007

Signal flow

Block Diagrams (how audio moves though a system)


Audio Levels

Good Level Audio Levels


  • Microphone level - The level (or voltage) of signal generated by a microphone. Typically around 2 millivolts. Compare this with the two normal line levels
  • Phono Level - little larger than mic level also has equalization based on standardized RIAA curve. use phono input a line
  • Line Level - . There is an international standard for the level of inputs; it is around -10dBV(.316V) for semi-pro equipment, and about +4dBu(1.228V) for "pro" equipment. Line level outputs can come from tape decks, CD players, tuners, DAT decks, effects, etc. (1.228V:+4dBu and .316V:-10dBV)
  • Speaker level - higher voltages for speakers

Audio Level Links


Audio connectors

  • 1/8" (3.5mm) Connectors Jack Plug Connectors Tip ring sleeve Connectors Eighth.jpg mono Connectors Eighth mono.jpg stereo Connectors Eighth st.jpg
  • 1/4"(6.35mm) Connectors Connectors QuarterBend.jpg Connectors Quarter.jpg
  • Banana Plugs Connectors Bannana.jpg
  • Binding Posts Bayonet Neill-Concelman/British Naval Connector type of signal varies or BNC Connectors Bnc.jpg
  • RCA-Type video left audio right audio Connectors Rca y.jpg Connectors Rca bl.jpg Connectors Rca w.jpg
  • XLR Microphone XLR Connectors Xlr.gif
  • TOSLink http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOSLINK TOSLINK.jpg

Bluffers guide to WIRES AND CONNECTORS

Template:Microphones

Audio Levels

Mic level - The level (or voltage) of signal generated by a microphone. Typically around 2 millivolts. Compare this with the two normal line levels (1.23V:+4dbV and .316V:-10dbV)

Phono Level - little larger than mic level also has equalization based on standardized RIAA curve. use phono input a line

Line Level - . There is an international standard for the level of inputs; it is around -10dBV for semi-pro equipment, and about +4dBV for "pro" equipment. Line level outputs can come from tape decks, CD players, tuners, DAT decks, effects, etc.

Speaker level - higher voltages for speakers

Homework

Sound for Interaction Voice Recording