// This example will loop through an example game's prompt for a player to make a choice. Until the player makes a valid choice, the loop will continue asking the for the player's input.

string choice; // This will be used to store the user's input.
bool valid; // This will be used to terminate the loop.

do // start with a do and the curly braces. See below for "while" portion.
{
    console.WriteLine("Which path will you take? 1 or 2?"); // prompt for asking the user.
    choice = console.ReadLine(); // getting the user's input.

    if(choice == "1" || choice == "2") // checking to see if the choice is valid.
    {
        valid = true; // valid choice, no longer need to loop.
    }
    else
    {
        valid = false; // invalid choice. Because the variable is set to false, it will cause the loop to repeat, meaning that the user will be asked to make a choice again.
    }

} while(valid == false) // while( condition)   e.g. variable <= 10, variable != true, variable > 0

// This example loops through an imaginary game while the player has lives.

int lives= 3;

// while(condition) is how to start a while loop.
while(lives> 0) // if lives == 0, the loop will not execute again.
{
    playGame();
}

// This example will look at an array of names and shuffle them. Suppose this will determine who the winner of a raffle will be.

string[] raffleNames= { "Adam", "Ben", "Charile", "Derek", "Erik", "Frank" };
string tempName; // When shuffling, a temporary variable will be needed in order to prevent losing data.
Random r = new Random(); // Random is a class available in C# that allows for generating random numbers. Great for our purposes of shuffling!
int randomNumberGenerated; // Although Random can generate a random number, we'll be using this integer to store that generated number.

for(int i = 0; i < raffleNames.Length; i++) // The way to setup a for loop is (Initialization; Condition; Increment / Decrement)   usually increment / decrement is variable++ or variable--
{
    randomNumberGenerated = r.Next(raffleNames.Length); // r.Next is a function that accepts an integer as an argument to determine the range. raffleNames.Length is a property of the array that is an integer, that's what we're using for the argument.
    tempName = raffleNames[i];
    raffleNames[i] = raffleNames[randomNumberGenerated];
    raffleNames[randomNumberGenerated] = tempName;
}

randomNumberGenerated = r.Next(raffleNames.Length);
string winner = raffleNames[randomNumberGenerated];
console.WriteLine(winner);

// This example will look at a list of contacts in a phone, attempt to find a match for a search, and state whether the search was successful or not.

list<string> contacts; //Suppose this was not empty.
string search; // What we are trying to find in the list of contacts.
bool success; // this will be the boolean that will determine if the search was successful.

success= false; // we are setting this to false before the loop so that if the variable is true after the loop, we know there is a success.
foreach(string name in contacts) // the way to setup a foreach loop is     foreach(dataType temporaryIdentifierForLoop in container)
{
    if(name == search)
    {
        success= true;
    }

}