Sound & Motion class 13

Post production and Editing

(Post production generally refers to all the technical details of the final stages of compiling your project and getting it “in the can” including graphics, sound quality, rendering, etc. Editing usually implies the aesthetics of shot choice and placement, use of sound in relation to image, etc.)

Project set up in Premiere, with some technical notes

Typically, use:

DV-NTSC Standard 48kHz (“If you are doing audio for video you might want to use 48 khz as many editors only use that rate.”)

Standard NTSC video

4:3 aspect ratio

interlaced – two sets of scan lines make up a frame

32 kHz audio (sampling rate/resolution of 32,000x/sec)

16 bit audio (bit depth) [[1]]

Drop-Frame Timecode numbering [[2]]

Drop Frame NTSC

In order to integrate color into the B&W television signal, NTSC redesigners adjusted the frame rate of video to be slightly slower than the former 30 fps, which was originated to follow the line frequency of AC (alternating current). The adjustment set the new frame rate of video to 29.97 fps. However, now the framerate no longer matched clock time, so when Time Code was invented, in order to make sure that the actual time of recorded material matched the clock, a Drop Frame TC drops frame numbers 0 and 1 of the first second of every minute except every tenth minute

24 FPS vs 30 FPS

Film and video have a different number of frames per second, historically.

In order to broadcast film (24 FPS), a technique called 2:3 pulldown was invented wherein some frames of film were repeated periodically. It turns every other frame of the film into three fields of video (30 FPS), which results in a much smoother display. [[3]]

Video recorders that record at the frame rate of film (24 P[rogressive]) have been invented to capture the “film look”. Originally, 24p was used in the non-linear editing of film-originated material.

Basic editing in Premiere – see Wiki class 2 [[4]]

Batch capture – see Wiki class 6 [[5]]

Notes: Aspect ratio

Frame:

SD 4:3

HD 16:9

Pixel aspect ratio:

many computer video standards define a 4:3 aspect ratio frame as 640 pixels wide by 480 pixels high, which results in square pixels

Video standards such as DV NTSC define a 4:3 aspect ratio frame as 720 x 480 pixels, which results in narrower, rectangular pixels (0.9)

You can correct the distortion of an individual clip by manually specifying the source clip’s pixel aspect ratio in the Interpret Footage dialog box. Adobe Premiere Pro, however, typically generates files with non‑square pixels for display on television sets. Adobe Premiere Pro automatically conforms square‑pixel assets to the project’s pixel aspect ratio.

Trimming in and out points

In source monitor, click on beginning and ending brackets for in and out Once in timeline, click and drag on beginning or end point of clip

You can Render from After FX, add to Premiere Or copy and paste between

Different types of keys Chroma key (drag from Video Effects/Keying/Color Key onto clip in timeline)

can control Threshold, etc. to eliminate BG and key in (or not) something in a lower channel.

NonRed (much more subtle)

Changing audio gain double click on clip in timeline and on tab in source window to display audio effects and increase/decrease level

To Dissolve - open Dissolve in Video Transitions, drag Cross Dissolve onto line between two clips in same channel

In AE - can also use mask around head (can scale up video somewhat)to eliminate fringing.

Render highlight Program window File/Export/Movie render in default resolution in QT, export to h.264 (make size same as current in video settings) this decreases file size enormously

Editing in HD

Gary's tutorial